Safe PDO query helper

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);

function fetch_all(PDO $pdo, string $sql, array $params = []): array
{
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
    $stmt->execute($params);
    return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
}

$pdo = new PDO(
    'mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=app;charset=utf8mb4',
    'app',
    getenv('DB_PASSWORD') ?: '',
    [
        PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
        PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
        PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false,
    ]
);

$users = fetch_all($pdo, 'SELECT id, email FROM users WHERE active = ?', [1]);